When Does a Skin Lesion Become Cancer? A Sophisticated Guide to Understanding Skin Cancer Risks 

Skin lesions are common, but knowing when they become a concern for skin cancer is crucial. Early detection of abnormal changes in the skin can make all the difference in achieving successful outcomes. In this blog, we’ll explore how to identify when a skin lesion might be more than just a harmless mark, and how to distinguish potential skin cancer risks. 

What Is a Skin Lesion? 

A skin lesion is any abnormal change in the skin, ranging from benign moles to growths caused by infections, trauma, or skin conditions. Most skin lesions are harmless, but certain lesions may develop into skin cancer over time, particularly if they show unusual changes. 

When Does a Skin Lesion Become Skin Cancer? 

Skin cancer develops when abnormal skin cells begin growing uncontrollably. The three most common types of skin cancer include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. Not every lesion becomes cancerous, but certain signs and behaviours increase the risk. 

Key Signs of Skin Cancer in Lesions: 

Asymmetry – If a lesion is uneven in shape or appearance, it may be a sign of a problem. Benign lesions are usually symmetrical, whereas cancerous ones can be irregular. 

Border Irregularity – Cancerous lesions often have uneven or scalloped borders. Benign lesions typically have smooth, even edges. 

Colour Variations – A lesion that changes colour, or has multiple shades (brown, black, red, or even blue), can signal skin cancer. Uniform colour is generally a sign of a benign mole or lesion. 

Diameter   Lesions larger than 6 millimetres (about the size of a pencil eraser) should be monitored closely. While smaller lesions can be benign, larger ones might pose a higher risk. 

Elevation and Texture –  A lesion that changes shape, becomes raised, or feels rough to the touch may indicate skin cancer. Benign moles or lesions tend to stay flat or slightly raised without significant changes over time. 

Itching, Bleeding, or Crusting: If a lesion starts to itch, bleed, or crust over, it’s a cause for concern. These symptoms may suggest a malignant transformation or other skin issues that need medical attention. 

Persistent or Unhealing Lesions –  Skin cancer lesions may not heal or may reappear after healing. A persistent lesion that doesn’t respond to typical healing processes should be checked by a healthcare provider. 

The Importance of Regular Skin Checks 

Routine self-examinations are essential for early detection. Perform regular checks of your skin and look for any new or changing spots. Pay particular attention to lesions that differ from others in colour, size, or texture. If you notice any abnormalities, consult a dermatologist for professional evaluation. 

The Role of UV Exposure in Skin Cancer Development 

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a major contributor to skin cancer. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can damage skin cells, leading to mutations and the formation of cancerous lesions. Always protect your skin with broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors. Avoid tanning beds, as they significantly increase the risk of skin cancer. 

Common Types of Skin Cancer: 

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common form, BCC typically appears as a pearly or waxy bump, often on sun-exposed areas of the skin. 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): SCC is often seen as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. It is more likely to spread if not treated early. 

Melanoma: The most dangerous type of skin cancer, melanoma appears as a dark, irregularly shaped mole or spot. It can grow rapidly and spread to other areas of the body if not detected early. 

When to Seek Professional Evaluation 

If a skin lesion exhibits any of the warning signs outlined above, it’s important to schedule a dermatological consultation. A biopsy may be needed to determine if the lesion is cancerous. Early diagnosis and intervention are vital in managing skin cancer and preventing further spread. 

A skin lesion becomes a potential concern when it shows changes in shape, colour, or texture, particularly in response to UV exposure or other risk factors. While not every lesion is cancerous, recognizing the warning signs and seeking early treatment can make all the difference in managing skin cancer risks. Regular skin checks and sun protection are crucial in maintaining healthy skin and reducing your risk of developing skin cancer. 

If in doubt, contact Hannah our lesion specialist where she will be able to advise you of any concerns you may have.